Hamilton's Role as the Secretary of Treasury Research Paper

Hamilton's Role as the Secretary of Treasury - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that â€Å"The most practical nation builder of the Founding Fathers, Hamilton (1755-1804) fought tirelessly for ratification of the Constitution, played a pivotal role in creating a centralized and powerful nation-state, and argued persuasively for a strong presidency and an independent judiciary. It was Hamilton, at the beginning of the nation's history, who provided a prophetic vision of the United States as a global power stabilized by capitalism and with a military second to none.† While Hamilton contributed to all aspects of government formulation, he is best remembered for his role in designing the young nations economic system. During and after his lifetime Hamilton was overshadowed by his more popular adversary Thomas Jefferson. While Jefferson's dominant image persists today, â€Å"the irony is that Hamilton's concept of the federal government, not Jeffersons, is what has evolved and endures†. This is particularly valid with respect to t he country's economic system and the organization of its constituent agencies such as the U.S. Treasury. Hamilton could rightly be considered a visionary, who saw the importance of economic growth and technological innovation. His state papers on the subject of the economy are considered by modern scholars to be a monumental effort â€Å"toward establishing a rational basis for planning and legislation; his Report on Manufacturers and his advocacy of federal public works are remarkably modern descriptions of the relationship between government and technology†. As the first Secretary of the Treasury and the unofficial aide to George Washington, Hamilton was instrumental in designing the American bureaucracy, which prevails even to this day. In this unofficial capacity as the confidante and aide of the first President, Hamilton also wrote many of the Presidential addresses, most notable of which is the Farewell Address delivered by Washington at the end of his second term.  

Learning English as 2nd language Research Paper

Learning English as 2nd language - Research Paper Example Many of the important educational innovations in current practice such as untracking and mixed-age grouping--are the direct result of teachers adapting their teaching to the challenge posed by children from culturally diverse backgrounds (Barry Mclaughan, Online Article, 1992). Culture, social identity, ethnicity, religion, and perceived class status, all need to be taken into consideration in language learning, and all have differing causes and affects in both the teaching and the learning of a second language. A clear teaching perspective, which is based on a solid theoretical foundation, is of vital importance to both the successful application of language learning, and for that of the well-being of the student, if language learning is to be both effectively taught and learnt. An understanding of the variations and diversities within cultures needs to be respected, encouraged, and accepted within the classroom setting, which will then lead to a suitable, and comfortable, learning environment, where students can relax and concentrate without feelings of inferiority. And methods of teaching need to be carefully considered, with an emphasis on a good teacher/student relationship that leans towards creating confidence within the student. In this chapter, we will be to analysing the language awareness/self concept of two groups of children by class analysis. The available interviews will be examined and analysed in order to understand how do the children feel about learning English as a second language and how, or if, this is affecting them in general. Interview Procedures. The interviews were conducted in an open plan setting, in order to put the children at ease, and therefore helping them to feel comfortable when responding. There were seven interview groups, with 5-6 children within each group, making a total of approximately forty children. Three of the groups were from Germany and four were from Greece. Differing questions were posed to each group, through which an understanding of the children's perceptions of language learning, and the affect upon the child will be determined. The Group A interviews were conducted with Greek attending children, learning English as a second language, in a German school, and those of group B, concerned children learning English in a Greek school. This first section of this chapter will determine what the students thought in terms of their teacher's ability to teach, their view of how s/he treated them in the academic environment, and how this affected the self of the group. The second section will establish how the behaviour in the classroom can be translated as strong or weak self-expression, and consequently interpreted as either a strong or weak self. And the third section will be dealing with how children feel about academic excellence, classroom performance, and their different cultural attitudes towards diverse minorities. Students' interview questions regarding teachers. In this section we will be

Unity and Identity in the Colonies Essay Example for Free

Unity and Identity in the Colonies Essay Because of several events that preceded and lead to it, Colonists had developed strong senses of both identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution. The French and Indian War was one of the initial events that played a pivotal role in establishing unity amongst the colonists. Winning the war was crucial to the colonists because a loss to the French would result in a loss of British superiority. A British victory would enable colonists the opportunity to expand in territory and form a new nation. Many such as Benjamin Franklin urged colonial alliance. During the war’s first year, Franklin published his famous ‘Join or Die’ cartoon in Philadelphia, which strongly urged unity amongst the colonies. Due to poor battle tactics, Britain suffered early losses. The losses deteriorated the image of the British as an invincible force in the eyes of the colonists. It showed an underlying layer of weakness, which distanced the colonists from their mother country, Britain. While the actual war served as a catalyst for the unification of the colonies, the results of the war also had large effects on their identity as a new nation. The victory increased colonial self-esteem, and helped the colonists to perceive themselves as independent people who could defend themselves. Like the French and Indian War, The Proclamation of 1763 was a cardinal event in the development of the colonists’ sense of identity and unity. The Proclamation declared that settling west of the Appalachians was illegal to colonists. The land was declared off limits because it was Indian land, and the King did not want to cause any more dispute between Britain and the Indians. The colonists found this law to be unacceptable. Colonies had already begun planning on settling west, and found that giving land to the Indians was defeating the purpose of the French and Indian War which they had just fought in. Colonies had come to realize their independence and self-sufficiency. They rebelled against the law, and proceeded in settling westward. Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense† is arguably one of the greatest influences on the unity and identity of the colonists. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet brought the possibility of Revolution into full focus for the colonists. The writings placed blame for the suffering of the colonies solely on King George III, the current British ruler. Paine beseeched the idea of an immediate declaration of independence, implying that America had a moral obligation to secede from the corrupt nation. â€Å"Common Sense† further inspired colonists to initiate secession from Britain, and lead to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. During the time of the American Revolution, the colonies had come to identify themselves as a self-governing nation, enraged by the country who had ruled them. Throughout key events in history, the once estranged colonies that lacked a sense of identity metamorphosed into a full blown and unified nation on the verge of revolution.

Impact Of Globalisation On Emerging Market Economies

Impact Of Globalisation On Emerging Market Economies The concept of globalisation is a phenomenon that has been spoken about all over the world. As described in essay one, globalisation is the increase in the interconnectedness of the different countries of the world, economically, socially, politically and technologically to resemble a village, largely facilitated by the increase in information and communication technology. Again as mentioned in essay one, Globalisation is not a new phenomenon, for centurys individuals and later companies, institutions and corporations have been trading with each other in locations that are tremendously far from their point of origin. The Asians for example used the monsoon winds that occurred after a space of six months to move from their countries and reach Africa to trade i.e. buy and sell products to the Africans. China and Europe were also connected during the middle ages through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia. This allowed the two parties to invest to one another which are an aspect of globalisation. This depicts the fact that for a long time globalisation was in existence but not recognised as today as globalisation (Jagdish, 2004). Globalisation attempts to depict the steps by which the networks in the world in terms of communication, transportation and trading cause the linking (integration) of the regional economies, societies, cultures, as well as technologies. At this point in time most of the world is considering the aspect of economic globalisation as one of the single most significant aspect of globalisation. With this in mind economic globalisation has been separately defined as the linking of economies of different nations to create an international economy via trade, FDIs, Investment cash flows, and the disperse of technology. Globalisation is usually recognised as being driven by the union of the economic, technological, socio-cultural, political, environmental and biological factors. The effect of globalisation have widely been reported which have been viewed as positive and negative. Different countries have viewed globalisation differently. To some countries such as the less developed countries (LDCs) they view it as a means of destroying the indigenous culture and the imposition of the western cultures such as the way of dressing, the way of talking, the mode of economic activity undertakings, the social events etc. while other nations view it as a means of modernizing and providing civil cultures to the uncivilized, it is introducing new technology for the betterment of the countries that lack technology, the creation of new opportunities ion terms of businesses etc. An interest however has evolved on to why this phenomenon is now widely embraced by the emerging economies and to what extent are these economies benefiting and not loosing from this phenomenon. This essay will focus on critically assessing the impact of globalisation on a specific emerging economy which is China. The aspects that will be focused upon include the analysis of the issues discussed in essay one. Which include: The rise of globalisation in China, the impacts of globalization socially, economically, environmentally and technologically on China and finally make a conclusion and recommendations. 2.0 The rise of globalisation in China The term globalisation did not enter into the Chinese official system till the 1996, nevertheless, the leaders had already acknowledged the aspect way before that date. Some references to globalisation appeared in academic writings in the early 1990s, but the dominant concepts in scholarly and policymaking circles were interdependence, integration, and internationalisation. The first time that globalisation entered into one of Chinas biggest city Beijing, the officials thought of it as a trend which is being propagated or driven by the advancements in the scientific and technological world which had lead to the increased cross national movement of investment income, goods and services, and the movement of the so called knowledge i.e. know how. At first there was an emphasis on simply the aspect of technological drivers to globalization hence restricting globalisation to the economic realm in the official Chinese analyses. However, the term was later understood that it included social , cultural, political and even security dimensions. The Chinese put early attentions on the opportunity for economic development and overlooked the concerns of the US hegemony, issue of westernisation, national sovereignty and other controversial issues in the political realm. Long before the 1990s when globalisation became a known world phenomenon, the Chinese participation to the world economy was undeniably increasing. When Deng Xiaoping officially took power in the year 1978, the cross border flow of investment cash flows, goods and services, information and technology had increased tremendously. This was further accelerated in the 1990s. By the mid of the 1990s the economic ties of China with the rest of the world seemed critical to the robust economic growth that made China the envy of industrialising countries everywhere. For example, by 1992 China stood as the worlds leading recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) among developing countries. Indeed, FDI accounted for sizable (and growing) percentages of Chinas domestic investment, industrial output, exports, tax revenues, and job growth before globalisation became a catchphrase. A series of events in the late 1990s tested Chinas initial, somewhat romantic, notions of globalisation quickly and severely (Croucher, 2004). 2.1 Reasons for China going global China decided to globalise as it has learnt from her past history that isolation has made her to backwardness. However, in order to achieve durable economic growth and prosperity in todays world of rapid change in technology and dynamic business environment, the right way is to integrate with the worlds economies through trade liberalisation which in turn might enable her to increase sales, acquisition of resources and minimise risks. China has changed itself from being the worlds greatest opponent of globalisation, and greatest disrupter of the global facilitators into a committed member of those facilitators and advocate of globalisation. Currently, China has decided to transform itself from a closed economy (communist with a strictly trade barriers) to a more open (liberalised) economy than other Asian countries in particular Japan. However, the acceptances of using some of the foreign rules and laws, the use of foreign languages like English in their institutions as well as education and commitment to global competition are not just modernising Chinese institutions but altering Chinese civilisation. The economic successes of China are indeed associated with trade liberalisation, corporation and other key aspects of globalisation (Overholt HW, 2005). Contrary to the early fears, Chinas economic growth has stimulated majority of her neighbours trade and even foreign investment rather than frightening them. Indeed, the recent growth of China has enabled Japan to revitalise its economy and even saved her neighbours from global economic downturn and become recession proof. The success of China has become one of the remarkable things among the most important and leading economies in the modern history. However, its economy faces the world history of the most severe combination of banking, urbanisation as well as employment challenges, on which by 2020 a demographic squeeze will have possibly few workers supporting many dependents (Overholt HW, 2005). 3.0 Impact of globalisation on emerging economies the case of China Globalisation has brought tremendously positive and negative impacts on the national economy. Though it has raised competition as well as interdependence among economies in the global market in particular emerging market economies, it also enables emerging and developing economies to contribute in the growth of the global GDP, the following figure from IMF estimates, illustrates as estimated from the year 2005 up to 2010. Soucce:http://www.dwc-emergingmarkets.com. However, there are many effects that globalisation has had on developing and emerging countries such as China. Some of the effects have been viewed as positive and others as negative. Below is an analysis of the effects of globalisation that were described in essay one which is specific to the Chinese country. The aspects that will be focused on therefore include the economical, social, environmental, political and technological impacts of globalisation on China. Economic impact As discussed earlier, economists have linked a lot of global events to globalisation and integration. Globalisation in terms of economics is the process of increasing integration among different countries, resulting into the establishment of a single world market. Globalisation encourages foreign trade, reduction or removal of trade barriers, therefore economic growth and development http://www.bukisa.com and (Croucher, 2004). The aspect of the economy that has been impacted by globalisation in China include; the issues of trade, finances, investments etc. 3.1.1 Trade As mentioned in the previous sentence above, globalisation has an effect on trade. Globalisation encourages trans-national trading which eventually leads to economic growth. China has benefited from this tremendously. For the past 30 years Chinas export level has increased by 17% a year. The Chinas international trade levels have also increased dramatically due to globalisation. In the mid 2000s, China was accepted in the world trade organisation (WTO) in response to the trend in globalisation and the reduction in the trade barriers, the opening-up to foreign investments (in particular manufacturing) as well as international trade. This enabled the country as a whole to enjoy the globalisation benefits because it provides opportunities if exploited and sustained will eventually contribute in the countrys economic growth through international trade and foreign investments in both direct and portfolios. Moreover, China has witnessed a significant growth for the past ten years in tradin g with other nations around the global as a result of trade liberalisation and the process of globalisation. There has been a tremendous increase in the investment flow due to globalisation. The diagram below shows the trend of Chinas trade which means export, import, and trade balance. The data from National Bureau of Statistics of China in the year 2006 illustrates that the export trade exceeds import trade. Source; http://www.japanfocus.org/_Ming_WAN/2576. According to Croucher (2004), the data show that from the year 2001 to 2007 then Chinese has had an increase in the growth of economics at an average of 8.5% per year. All material and non-material indicators show a rise in income, life expectancy and standard of living. Also there has been an increase in overall education level and overall reduction in poverty. 3.1.2 Finance When looking at the aspect of finances, one can view before and after globalisation in China. Before, the united republic of China had loosened the policies it had on foreign affairs; it had a banking system that was very inefficient, a system that was very weak in terms of its structure. Globalisation has improved this aspect in a way that is unimaginable because it has provided a fierce competition to the rest of the world. In globalisation era, in order for the financial institutions like banks to match with the rapid change in technology as well as unpredictable business environment, these financial institutions in particular banks must be more creative and innovative in improving its standards to match with the standards of the world economy in order to attract and protect foreign investors. Because of this, the banks of the united republic of China have improved efficiency and competitiveness. (Croucher, 2004). 3.1.3 Income inequality The aspect of globalisation has introduced a more capitalist system in China where instead of communal ownership; the aspect of ownership has become more of individualistic nature. This being the case, there is no longer equal distribution of income among the people of China. This has benefited some of the members who believed that they deserve more for the more work they did, this has created a gap among the rich and the poor people that was not there in the past. However, the wealth obtain in this era of globalisation are still concentrated in few developed countries as well as few powerful individuals while leaving emerging economies with an empty hands even though are generated from them. 3.1.4 Investment Globalisation has increased trading in China as a result it increases the amount of overall income and therefore increase in the savings amount. This increase of savings actually caused the people to inject more and more money into their local banks. The injection of this money eventually increases the overall capital in the banks and the amount of money for investment in the Chinese economy. The issues of lending has now moved to a whole new level, companies from one country ask for loans from banks in a different country as well as banks of one country can now put branches in other counties which automatically affects the economies. Governments of one nation go and obtain loans from other nations. A typical and yet most amazing scenario is the fact that the American government being in millions of debt to China which is an emerging economy. (Croucher, 2004). As mentioned in essay one, the economy of a nation relies a lot on the business environment that exists. Whether there is high domestic trading or there is a wider range of investments from international companies. Globalisation has enabled the economies of different countries become integrated. The GDP of China has benefited a lot as a result of globalisation. As mentioned earlier Chinas GDP has been growing at a rate of 10%, one of the fastest growing rates in the world. No doubt globalisation has increased the foreign direct investments in different nations. At this point in time the Mc Donalds company of the United States of America had made a record entry to Chinese economy when the policies of these countries had allowed room for the free market economy. The impact of globalisation on Chinas economic growth is far-reaching. During the past 20 years, Chinas international trade expanded 16 times, with its ranking in the world to seventh place from the original position of 32nd. Trade dependence rate lifted from 10 to 36%. In terms of the amount of FDI, China is now the largest economy amongst emerging economies as regarded as the faster growing economy supported by its favourable business environments, which favour foreign investors as they can achieve location economies as well as cheap skilled labour to work in their manufacturing companies. According to a modular study on the synergy of FDI conducted by the Development Research Centre of the State Council, Chinas GDP recorded an average annual growth rate of 9.7% over the past 20 years, of which 2.7% was attributed to FDI. (Owens 2008). Though Chinas GDP has shown a smooth growth and an increase in FDI, but different wage standards for Chinese and other emerging economies where skil led people in technology sector for example become discrimination as they are less paid while the same level in the same professional are highly paid in developed countries compared to them. Socio-cultural Impact Another notable impact of globalisation has been on the culture of the Chinese people. The simplest way of defining culture is by acknowledging that it is the way of living of people in a certain community. This also means that it is the way in which people of a certain population and ultimately country tends to carry out their daily activities. Globalisation has been in the aspect of spreading multiculturalism due to availability of more opportunities to settle in far countries. People of various cultural heritages are attracted to live and study the economic heartbeat on the global. These people go with their cultures in these places and this result into multicultural societies: However, there is a real danger of these diverse cultures to disappear because of assimilation in these new societies and spread of pop culture. There have been different effects of globalisation on the cultures of different societies including both negative and positive. Below is the brief explanation on t he positive and negative impacts of globalization on the Chinese culture. The Chinese culture has been affected by globalisation. One of the things that can be considered to be positive effects is the introduction of the social networking in the country. Due to globalisation people of China are now able to use the face book, twitter, my space etc which allow them to interact with the outside world through technology. Good things that are being practiced in other cultures are easily adopted by China people. Globalisation has been seen as a catalyst for change in the cultures by the imposition of the pop culture (western culture). For example the way in which people talk, act, dress etc has changed over the last few decades. The type of music that people listen to globally has changed; even the morals of certain societies have changed. The issues of education, different interests on social events etc are now exposed to the Chinese people who previously have been guarded in their own culture. Furthermore, there are now different beliefs such as Christianity, Islam which have been introduced to China that was initially blocked by the communist country. Their negative impact has included the issue of increased exposure to indecent culture. For example issues move from simple as people wearing revealing clothes such as mini skirts, skin jeans, and watching unethical video which are very dangerous to children. For example pornography has now eluded most of the cultures of different people including those in China. It is completely true that many people are forgoing their heritage for the new living styles which are believed to be more modernised. Now people believe that if you speak your native language and do not know how to speak English, then you are not really educated. All these are a result of globalization. The way in which people communicate has now also changed. People have conversations via the phone and have reduced the more traditional way of communication which was to visit and see each other physically. No longer are people playing sports outside, they rather play video games, watch movies in the house, all these are a result of globalization. Furthermore there is a change in the type of ownership in the emerging economies. Other effects include the fact that now access to television grew from a lower percentage of the urban population (1991) to more than 75% of the urban population (1999). Cable television and foreign movies became widely available for the first time and have acted as a catalyst in bulldozing the cultural boundaries. All these technologies have changed perceptions and dreams of ordinary people. Unmarried boys and girls are sharing same apartment and staying away from their parents. Scientific and technological innovations have made life quite comfortable, fast and enjoyable. There is more availability of cheap and filthy material (CDs or DVDs of Hollywood movies, porn movies, sex toys, foreign channels like MTV) in the name of liberalisation. Few years back, in China and even in other developing and communist countries, basic phones or land-line was a prestige symbol but now possibility of finding people riding a bicycle while holding a mobile phone (cellular phone) in hand listening to music using ear phones, internet browsing, talking or even clicking cameras of their phones is a normal issue. In reality, globalisation has highly affected the dot-com generation or society than the earlier generation known as conservative. The introduction of cable network has increased exposure and imitation of foreign cultures such as western where youth have build a culture of celebrating different occasions like birthdays, valentine days but to the contrary, these celebrations has increased the number of friendship between girls and boys whose end-up to sexual relationship and hence result into sexual transmitted diseases. The aspect of globalisation has introduced a more capitalist system in many nations that were primarily involved in communal ownership; the aspect of ownership has become more of individualistic nature. There is no longer the culture of equal distribution of income among the people of china. Environmental Impact The environment has been effected by globalisation in a very unique way. Globalisation presents a mixed blessing for the environment. It creates new opportunities for cooperation but also gives rise to new issues and tensions. For example, liberalised trade may generate economic growth, which in turn, may translate into increased pollution, including trans-boundary spillovers of harm (super externalities) and unsustainable consumption of natural resources (Dua and Esty 1997). Likewise, economic integration strengthens competitive pressures across national borders that may help consumers by lowering prices, improving service, and increasing choice (Bhagwati 1993, 2000). But these same pressures constrain national government capacities to regulate and necessitate intergovernmental coordination of domestic policies as well as cooperation in the management of the global commons. Without effective international-scale governance, globalisation may intensify environmental harms wherever reg ulatory structures are inadequate (Nordstrom and Vaughan 1999). As mentioned earlier the environment basically refers to every thing that surrounds us. In the globalised world more and more business opportunities have emerged for the different businesses in the world as a consequence of the businesses that are engaged in manufacturing and involve in the emission of harmful substances that have increased and eventually have caused destruction in the ozone layer in different parts of the world. The Chinese is highly affected because of being a centre for manufacturing companies from developed countries such as USA that source cheap resources like raw materials and labour. This is one of the causes or ways that led China to become very environmental destructive as it has been industrialising using harmful substances as source of energy. This has caused the LDCs people to suffer from diseases like cancer etc. There has been also an aspect of selling less efficient or low quality products to LDCs hence China in one way or another is continuing dumping harmful products to LDCs who cannot be able to pay for the highly quality products. The Chinese companies are selling their products to developing countries like Tanzania which are harmful at reduced costs, but in reality, many of their products are imitated and also being of low quality, however, they do this as a way of dumping their waste products since the majority of customers from developing countries can not afford to buy the same products of better quality exported to developed countries. On the other hand, through globalisation there are now campaigns all over the world that relate to environmental protection. International treaties e.g. the Kyoto Protocols, debates and policies on environmental friendly productions have been signed and made by different nations. The reduction in green house emission treaties have been signed by many nations in the world and this has tremendously affected China because China is one of the largest polluters in the world. (Owens 2008). Technological The Chinese are now the ones who imitate all the existing technologies anywhere in the globe, as they reveal that they can copy everything except your mother (Daniels et al 2009). The arena of globalisation has made the latest technologies to exist in every part of the world. Ranging from the latest mobile phones, laptops, video games and all other gadgets, globalisation in one way or the other has ensured that no one is left behind. Globalisation has lead to the increase in the spread of technology all over the world and China has capitalised on this. China is now becoming the largest provider of cheap products that resemble the modern technology in the African market. Every product that is produced or sold in the developed countries, the Chinese produces them and sells them at cheaper prices in the less developed countries. At this point in time, practically all parts of the world are aware of the existing technologies every where. The technology that is used in Europe is also used in China and at times even found in Africa. Globalisation has enabled the world to create, modify different technological devices that were founded by someone else in the different part of the global. (Owens 2008). Political-legal Globalisation has impacted on the issue of political and legal environment. As described in essay one, globalisation has been at the centre acting as intermediary or facilitator in the increased international laws that are in existence, the existence on the global organisations that provide principles across the world. The United Nations (UN) has had a significant part in the way in which it wanted the politics of the Chinese people to be put. Some have seen that the presences of globalisation in the affairs in China are causing the Country to lose its sovereignty. The latter is because China is always being scrutinised by the international countries. For example all countries are now looking at the policies of China and try to challenge some of the things that it is doing. The issues of communism, the issue of not allowing the foreign religions, the issue of suppressing capitalism are all being challenged by the world bodies in relation to China. (Croucher, 2004). 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendations Globalisation is an ever increasing phenomenon that is not passing-by but staying. Globalisation is inevitable especially in todays competitive business environment where customers and fierce competition force businesses to go global. Through reform and opening-up (trade liberalisation) over the past 20 years in the Chinese environment, it has been evident that China has accumulated valuable experiences as well as sound material strengths. Today China is in the best position to face the global competition as a result of globalisation; the emerging economy like China has seen super exponential growth which is the benefit of properly assessing the global environment today. There are many detrimental aspects of globalisation in many countries but the benefits are far reaching. With the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way will be achieved. By learning swimming through practice, China will master the art of riding the tide of globalisation and in the process we will surely achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Knowing the fact that the issue of the benefits depends on the country and the context that the benefits are viewed from, then China has been good in assessing this situation and now becoming one of the largest beneficiaries from globalisation. The issues that are related to the loss of a countrys freedom and sovereignty that play a key part on whether to embrace or reject globalisation, nevertheless, globalisation will happen. In a brief overview though one can see that there are many economically related benefits that have been associated with China being part of globalisation with an annual 10% growth in the gross domestic product. Again economically China has expanding sales as a result of diversification to other markets globally as a means of widening their markets; this has enabled them to build their customers base. The Chinese now have the African market which is highly being targeted by the western nations. The increase in the market is because of the acceptance of globalisation and its conditions. At the moment, China has transformed itself from the worlds greatest opponent of globalisation, and greatest disrupter of the global institutions created, into a committed member of those institutions and advocate of globalisation. It is now a far more open economy than Japan and it is globalising its institutions to a degree not seen in a big country since Meiji Japan. Adoption of the rule of law, of commitment to competition, of widespread use of English, of foreign education, and of many foreign laws and institutions are not just updating Chinese institutions but transforming Chinese civilisation. All of Chinas economic successes are associated with liberalisation and globalisation as well as other aspect of globalisation that has brought China further successes. Never in the world history have so many workers improved their standards of living so rapidly. China has effectively become an ally of U.S. and Southeast Asian promotion of free trade and investment than it is acceptable to Japan, India and Brazil. Globalisation has also influenced the establishment of Chinas national and cultural identity. Although cultural globalisation might easily blur the cultural identity of an individual national culture, it could also bring about something positive. It has actually brought people of the Third World with both positive and negative effects: If we face the challenge in a critical way and make full use of the opportunities to develop the national culture in a broad international context, this will most probably highlight the Chinese national and cultural identity and make the essence of Chinese culture and literature known to the world. All in all the above was the discussion of the impact of globalisation on China.

A Raisin in the Sun Character Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry has many interesting characters. In my opinion, the most fascinating character is Ruth because of her many emotions and captivating personality. She goes through extreme emotions in the play such as happiness, sadness, anger, stress, and confusion. Ruth is very independent, firm, kind, witty, and loving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ruth has an intriguing personality. She is very loving towards her family. She will do all in her power to improve the lifestyle of her family. When it appears that the deal for the house in Clybourne Park will fall through, she promises to dedicate all of her time to make the investment work. â€Å"Lena-I’ll work†¦ I’ll work 20 hours a day in all the kitchens in Chicago†¦I’ll strap my baby on my back if I have to and scrub all the floors and wash all the sheets in America if I have to-but we have to MOVE!† she pleads to her mother-in-law (Hansberry140). Her plan is unrealistic and idealistic, but the well being of her family is more important to her than anything. Ruth is also witty and sarcastic at times. She cracks jokes to lighten the mood of her family when they’re worried. â€Å"Well that’s the way the cracker crumbles. Joke. (121)† When Beneatha and Mama are stressing over the neighborhood they are moving into, Ruth makes a witty joke to improve the mood. Ruth supervises the daily routine and well being of her family. She makes sure that everyone does what they are supposed to and stays on track. ...

The Call of the Wild :: essays research papers

Title:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Call Of The Wild Author: Jack London Copyright: 1986 Setting:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beginning setting takes place on the property of Judge Miller in Santa Clara Valley, California in 1897. Later the setting takes place in Alaska during the Gold Rush of the Klondike. Main Character:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buck is the only main character of the book. Buck is a dog who is part Saint Bernard and part Shephard. Summary:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buck is my favorite character of the book. He had such a great life before he was stolen and sold to some very nasty people. Buck was treated very badly and he had to learn how to survive. He didn’t let the people know he was scared. The only way to survive was to listen, watch and learn. Buck wanted to be the leader and fought for what he wanted and he got it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buck had a great life living with Judge Miller and his family. He had free run of the place and played with his daughters and hunted with his sons. All the other animals were stuck in the house or behind fences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day a gardener named Manuel, that Buck had trusted, stole Buck and took him to a train station and sold him to people who used large dogs to pull sleds in Alaska. These men were not nice and would beat Buck and the other dogs very badly to let them know who was boss. Buck and the other dogs had no idea what was happening to them. The dogs were put onto the trains and taken to a ship that took them to Alaska where they would be sold again in teams to pull the sleds of people looking for gold and other work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Buck and the other dogs got off the ship, the first thing they saw was white. They didn’t know what it was. It was snow. They learned quickly how hard and scary this would be. Other dogs being used were wild wolves that would tear the new dogs apart if they had the chance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buck and eight other dogs were sold to Perrault and Francois. Buck knew he needed to learn how to survive fast. One of the dogs, Spitz, who was the leader was a wolf and very mean. He would bully the other dogs. Buck hated him and one day wanted to take him down to take his place as leader. The dogs had to live through many dangers and survive with little food and sleep.

Abrahamic Covenant

ABRAHAMIC COVENANT Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 12:1- The Lord has said to Abram, â€Å"Leave your country, your people and your father’s household and go to the land I will show you. Abram| God called Abram to move from Haran to Canaan| Faith | This all started with a call from God| The emphasis here is placed on Faith as God calls Abram by Faith| | Genesis 12:2- â€Å"I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. | Abram| Abram is called by God to move by Faith| Blessing/Seed| God calls Abram| God promises to Bless Abram| | Genesis 12:3- I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you. | Abram| Abram is called to move by Faith| Blessing/Curse| This call is just the beginning| God promises Blessings and cursing’s to those who bless and curse Abram. | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 12: 7- The Lord appeared to Abram and said, â€Å"To your offspring I will give this land. † So he built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him. Abram| Abram was in the Land that God promised him. | Seed/Land| | | | Genesis 13: 14-15- The Lord said to Abram after Lot had parted from him, â€Å"Lift up your eyes from where you are and look north and south, east and west. All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring forever. | Abram| Abram in Canaan| Seed/Land| | | | Genesis 13: 16- I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone could count the dust, then your offspring could be counted. Abram| Abram in Canaan | Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 13:17- Go, walk through the length and breadth of the land, for I am giving it to you. †| Abram| Abram in Canaan| Land| | | | Genesis 15: 4- Then the word of the Lord came to him: â€Å"This man will not be your heir, but a son coming from your own body will be your heir. | Abram| Abram’s Vision| Seed| | | | Genesis 15: 5- He took him outside and said, â€Å"Look up at the heavens and count the stars-if indeed you can count them. † Then he said to him, â€Å"So shall your offspring be. †| Abram| Abram’s Vision| Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 1 5: 7- He also said to him, â€Å"I am the Lord, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to take possession of it. | Abram| Abram’s Vision| Land| | | | Genesis 15: 18- 19- On that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram and said, â€Å"To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates-the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadomonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites and Jebusites. | Abram| Abram’s Vision | Seed/Land| | | | Genesis 16: 10- Then the angel added, â€Å"I will so increase your descendants that they will be too numerous to count. | Hagar| Hagar Flees to a spring in the desert beside the road to Shur| Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 17: 2- I will confirm my covenant b etween me and you and will greatly increase your numbers. | Abram| | Seed| | | | Genesis 17: 4- â€Å"As for me, this is my covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations. Abram| | Seed| | | | Genesis 17: 5- No longer will you be called Abram; your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a father of many nations. | Abraham| | Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 17: 6- I will make you very fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you. Abraham| | Seed| | | | Genesis 17: 7- I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. | Abraham| | Seed| | | | Genesis 17: 8- The whole land of Canaan, where you are now an alien, I will give a s an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; and I will be their God. †| Abraham| | Land/Seed| | | |Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 17: 9- Then God said to Abraham, â€Å"As for you, you must keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you for the generations to come. | Abraham| | Seed| | | | Genesis 17: 10- This is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall be circumcised. Abraham| | Seed/Circumcision| | | | Genesis 17: 11- You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. | Abraham| | Circumcision| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| A ny Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 17: 12- For the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner-those who are not your offspring.My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant. | Abraham| | Circumcision/Flesh| | | | Genesis 17: 13- Any uncircumcised male, who has not been circumcised in the flesh, will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant. †| Abraham| | Circumcision| | | | Genesis 17: 15-17- God also said to Abraham, â€Å"As for Sarai your wife, you are no longer to call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah. I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. I will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will come from her. † | Abraham| | Blessing/Seed| | | |Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Dev elopment in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 17: 19- Then God said, â€Å"Yes, but your wife Sarah will bear you a son, and you will call him Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. | Abraham| | Seed| | | | Genesis 17: 20- And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers.He will be the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation. | Abraham| | Seed/Land| | | | Genesis 17: 21- But my covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you by this time next year. | Abraham| | Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 18: 18- Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and all nations on earth wi ll be blessed through him. Abraham| God reveals to Abraham that He is going to destroy Sodom| Seed/Blessing| | | | Genesis 18: 19- For I have chosen him, so that he will direct his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing what is right and just, so that the Lord will bring about for Abraham what he has promised him. †| Abraham| Abraham’s revelation from God| Seed/Land/Promise| | | | Genesis 21: 1- Now the Lord was gracious to Sarah as he had said, and the Lord did for Sarah what he had promised. Sarah| Sarah gives birth to Isaac| Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 21: 2- Sarah became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the very time God had promised him. | Abraham| The birth of the promised heir, Isaac| Seed/Promise| | | | Genesis 21: 4- When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him, as God commanded him. | Abraham| Abraham eaffirmed the covenant through the circumcision of Isaac| Circumcision| | | | Genesis 21: 13- I will make the son of the maidservant into a nation also, because he is your offspring. | Abraham| God reassures Abraham that he will bless Ishmael. | Seed| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 21: 18- Lift the boy up and take him by the hand, for I will make him into a great nation. Hagar| God hears Ishmael’s cries and provides while reassuring Hagar of His promise. | Seed| | | | Genesis 22: 17- I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities of their enemies, | Abraham| Abraham obe ys God and is rewarded with His promises. | Seed/Land/Blessing| | | | Genesis 22: 18- and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed me. Abraham| God reminds Abraham of His promises. | Seed/Blessing| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 26: 3- Stay in this land for a while, and I will be with you and will bless you. For to you and your descendants I will give all these lands and will confirm the oath I swore to your father Abraham. | Isaac| Famine in the land. God gives Isaac instructions. Seed/Land/Blessing/Oath| | | | Genesis 26: 4- I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and will give them all these lands, and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, | Isaac| | Seed/Blessing| | | | Genesis 26: 24- That night the Lord ap peared to him and said, I am the God of your father Abraham. Do not be afraid, for I am with you; I will bless you and will increase the number of your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham. | Isaac| | Seed/Blessing| | | |Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 28: 13- There above it stood the Lord, and he said: â€Å"I am the Lord, the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land which you are lying. | Jacob| | Land| | | | Genesis 28: 14- Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west and to the east, to the north and to the south.All peoples on earth will be blessed through you and your offspring. | Jacob| | Seed/Blessing| | | | Genesis 28: 15- I am with you and will watch over you wherever you go, and I will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I have promised you. | Jacob| | Land| | | | Reference:| Addressed To:| Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated:| â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant:| Development in the Book of Genesis:| Any Change in Content or Emphasis:| | Genesis 35: 11- And God said to him, â€Å"I am God Almighty, be fruitful and increase in number.A nation and a community of nations will come from you, and kings will come from your body. | Jacob| | Seed| | | | Genesis 35: 12- The land I gave to Abraham and Isaac I will also give to you, and I will give this land to your descendants. | Jacob| | Seed/Land| | | | Genesis 46: 3- â€Å"I am God, the God of your father,† he said. â€Å"Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation there. | Israel| | Seed| | | |